{"id":7418,"date":"2021-02-17T08:39:16","date_gmt":"2021-02-17T00:39:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/backupold2022\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/?page_id=4083"},"modified":"2021-02-17T08:39:16","modified_gmt":"2021-02-17T00:39:16","slug":"maintenance-of-power","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/index.php\/ibdp-history\/authoritarian-states\/hitler\/maintenance-of-power\/","title":{"rendered":"Hitler &#8211; Maintenance of Power"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"#Timeline\">Timeline<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Economy\">Economy<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Strategy\">Political Strategy<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Corruption\">Corruption<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Force\">Force, from the SD to the Gestapo<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Indoctrination\">Propaganda and Indoctrination<\/a><ol><li><a href=\"#Semitism\">Anti-Semitism<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Education\">Education<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Censorship\">Censorship<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li><a href=\"#Opposition\">Opposition to the Nazis<\/a><ol><li><a href=\"#LittleOpposition\">Why was there so little opposition to Hitler in Germany?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#Church\">Church<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#WhiteRose\">White Rose<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li><a href=\"#Foreign\">Foreign Policy<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"Timeline\"><strong>Timeline<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1935<\/strong> The Nuremberg Laws are passed, alienating the Jews from German society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1936<\/strong> September, Goering begins the Four-Year Plans. Schacht loses some of his influence on the economy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1936<\/strong> November, Anti-Comintern Pact between Germany and Italy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1937<\/strong> Japan joins the Anti-Comintern Pact<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1938 <\/strong>September, the Munich Agreement is signed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1938 <\/strong>November, the German diplomat Ernst vom Rath is killed by a Jewish youth and Goebels and Hitler uses the event to launch Kristallnacht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1939<\/strong> March, Hitler breaks the Munich Agreement and takes all of Czechoslovakia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1939<\/strong> August, Germany and the USSR sign the Nazi-Soviet Pact. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1939 <\/strong>September, Germany invades Poland, triggering the Second World War in Europe<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"Economy\"><strong>Economy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.voxeu.org\/sites\/default\/files\/image\/FromMay2014\/labinifig1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><figcaption>https:\/\/voxeu.org\/article\/macroeconomics-germany-forgotten-lesson-hjalmar-schacht<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Was there an economic miracle in Nazi Germany?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes, there was&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-history-hit wp-block-embed-history-hit\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"auzU54VoJR\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.historyhit.com\/nazi-germanys-economic-miracle\/\">From Hyperinflation to Full Employment: Nazi Germany&#8217;s Economic Miracle Explained<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;From Hyperinflation to Full Employment: Nazi Germany&#8217;s Economic Miracle Explained&#8221; &#8212; History Hit\" src=\"https:\/\/www.historyhit.com\/nazi-germanys-economic-miracle\/embed\/#?secret=q7S327q5SZ#?secret=auzU54VoJR\" data-secret=\"auzU54VoJR\" width=\"525\" height=\"296\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But the economy began to overheat because the militarisation of Germany became the priority. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-history-learning-site wp-block-embed-history-learning-site\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"YQz62ktppa\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.historylearningsite.co.uk\/nazi-germany\/nazi-germany-military-expenditure\/\">Nazi Germany Military Expenditure<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Nazi Germany Military Expenditure&#8221; &#8212; History Learning Site\" src=\"https:\/\/www.historylearningsite.co.uk\/nazi-germany\/nazi-germany-military-expenditure\/embed\/#?secret=YQz62ktppa\" data-secret=\"YQz62ktppa\" width=\"525\" height=\"296\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"125\" src=\"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-24-at-12.32.11-PM-1024x125.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6303\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-24-at-12.32.11-PM-1024x125.png 1024w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-24-at-12.32.11-PM-300x37.png 300w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-24-at-12.32.11-PM-768x94.png 768w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-24-at-12.32.11-PM-1536x188.png 1536w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-24-at-12.32.11-PM-2048x251.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption>https:\/\/eh.net\/encyclopedia\/military-spending-patterns-in-history\/<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This rearmament was criticised by the respected historian on the Second World War, <a href=\"https:\/\/humanities.exeter.ac.uk\/history\/staff\/overy\/\">Richard Overy<\/a> (who has an important perspective for <a href=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/practices-of-the-second-world-war-in-europe\/#Perspectives\">Unit 14<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"337\" src=\"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-24-at-1.18.30-PM-1024x337.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6308\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-24-at-1.18.30-PM-1024x337.png 1024w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-24-at-1.18.30-PM-300x99.png 300w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-24-at-1.18.30-PM-768x253.png 768w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-24-at-1.18.30-PM-1536x506.png 1536w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-24-at-1.18.30-PM.png 1572w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption>R. Overy, Hitler&#8217;s War and the German Economy:<br>A Reinterpretation&#8217;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Furthermore, Hitler &#8216;expected much more to be&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"418\" src=\"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-24-at-1.25.12-PM-1024x418.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6311\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-24-at-1.25.12-PM-1024x418.png 1024w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-24-at-1.25.12-PM-300x122.png 300w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-24-at-1.25.12-PM-768x313.png 768w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-24-at-1.25.12-PM-1536x627.png 1536w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-24-at-1.25.12-PM.png 1578w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption>R. Overy, Hitler&#8217;s War and the German Economy:<br>A Reinterpretation&#8217;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/spartacus-educational.com\/GERschacht.htm\">Hjalmar Schacht<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"224\" src=\"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-24-at-12.27.29-PM-1024x224.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-24-at-12.27.29-PM-1024x224.png 1024w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-24-at-12.27.29-PM-300x66.png 300w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-24-at-12.27.29-PM-768x168.png 768w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-24-at-12.27.29-PM-1536x335.png 1536w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-24-at-12.27.29-PM.png 1832w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How was rearmament financed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ghdi.ghi-dc.org\/sub_image.cfm?image_id=1964\">Hitler with Reichsbank President Hjalmar Schacht (May 5, 1934)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In addition to the 12 million Mefo bills which were issued, the government also sold 19 million bonds.<\/li><li>Undoubtedly, the confiscation of (mostly) Jewish assets before they emigrated during the 1930s was also a financial help to rearmament. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"701\" src=\"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Screenshot-2022-03-08-at-10.54.38-AM-1024x701.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6364\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Screenshot-2022-03-08-at-10.54.38-AM-1024x701.png 1024w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Screenshot-2022-03-08-at-10.54.38-AM-300x205.png 300w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Screenshot-2022-03-08-at-10.54.38-AM-768x526.png 768w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Screenshot-2022-03-08-at-10.54.38-AM-1536x1052.png 1536w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Screenshot-2022-03-08-at-10.54.38-AM.png 1560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption>https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/1289264\/share-assets-taken-from-emigrants-by-nazi-regime\/<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How did this help Hitler maintain power?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Unemployment was reduced.<\/li><li>Nazi propaganda explained that all positive economic news was due to the excellent economic stewardship of Hitler. <\/li><li>The rearmament allowed Hitler to conduct a successful foreign policy. This reinforced the &#8216;superman&#8217; ideology of Hitler, especially with Goebbels effective propaganda machine. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">BUT<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Hitler was unable to produce both &#8216;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.yourdictionary.com\/guns-and-butter\">guns and butter<\/a>&#8216; so his popularity may have decreased because of the lack of civilian consumables. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thoughtco.com\/guns-or-butter-the-nazi-economy-1221065\">Guns or Butter: The Nazi Economy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"Strategy\"><strong>Political Strategy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"Corruption\"><strong>Corruption<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.richardjevans.com\/lectures\/corruption-plunder-third-reich\/\">Corruption and Plunder in the Third Reich<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"Force\"><strong>Force, from the SD to the Gestapo<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"619\" src=\"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-22-at-7.35.26-AM-1024x619.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6283\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-22-at-7.35.26-AM-1024x619.png 1024w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-22-at-7.35.26-AM-300x181.png 300w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-22-at-7.35.26-AM-768x464.png 768w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-22-at-7.35.26-AM.png 1062w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption>https:\/\/www.simonandschuster.com\/books\/The-Gestapo\/Frank-McDonough\/9781510769113<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"Indoctrination\"><strong>Propaganda<\/strong> <strong>and Indoctrination<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-nazi-germany wp-block-embed-nazi-germany\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"PozYsEF8YT\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alphahistory.com\/nazigermany\/nazi-history-teaching-guidelines-from-the-nsdap\/\">Nazi history teaching &#8211; guidelines from the NSDAP<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Nazi history teaching &#8211; guidelines from the NSDAP&#8221; &#8212; Nazi Germany\" src=\"https:\/\/alphahistory.com\/nazigermany\/nazi-history-teaching-guidelines-from-the-nsdap\/embed\/#?secret=ofRq4VpSLl#?secret=PozYsEF8YT\" data-secret=\"PozYsEF8YT\" width=\"525\" height=\"296\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An excerpt from the guidelines above,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"337\" src=\"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-09-at-8.37.00-AM-1024x337.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6231\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-09-at-8.37.00-AM-1024x337.png 1024w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-09-at-8.37.00-AM-300x99.png 300w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-09-at-8.37.00-AM-768x253.png 768w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-09-at-8.37.00-AM-1536x506.png 1536w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-09-at-8.37.00-AM.png 1542w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption>https:\/\/alphahistory.com\/nazigermany\/nazi-history-teaching-guidelines-from-the-nsdap\/<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Can you see how the Nazis are trying to create the <em>Volksgemeinschaft&nbsp;<\/em>or &#8216;people&#8217;s community&#8217;?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"An Introduction to Ian Kershaw\u2019s The \u201cHitler Myth,\u201d - A Macat History Analysis\" width=\"525\" height=\"295\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/4JAaGgVe7Ks?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"Semitism\"><strong>Anti-Semitism<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">How effective was anti-Semitism in maintaining Hitler as an authoritarian leader? If you are answering this question, you will undoubtedly use cinema as one of the examples in how the Nazis created division in society and hatred towards the Jews. This provided them with scapegoats at the time of need. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"849\" src=\"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-18-at-10.16.26-AM-1024x849.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6272\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-18-at-10.16.26-AM-1024x849.png 1024w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-18-at-10.16.26-AM-300x249.png 300w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-18-at-10.16.26-AM-768x637.png 768w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-18-at-10.16.26-AM.png 1290w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption>https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Propaganda-Persuasion-Garth-S-Jowett\/dp\/1412977827<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Arguably, the &#8216;Eternal Jew&#8217; was one of the more famous examples of anti-Semitic propaganda, perhaps because it was shown in countries other than Germany during the Second World War. But it was not successful in terms of popularity, as the analysis shows below. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"409\" src=\"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-18-at-10.16.32-AM-1024x409.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6275\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-18-at-10.16.32-AM-1024x409.png 1024w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-18-at-10.16.32-AM-300x120.png 300w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-18-at-10.16.32-AM-768x306.png 768w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Screenshot-2022-02-18-at-10.16.32-AM.png 1178w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption>https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Propaganda-Persuasion-Garth-S-Jowett\/dp\/1412977827<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xTy1tUi1IlA\">Prof. Jordan Peterson Analyzes Nazi Propaganda Film \u201cThe Eternal Jew\u201d (Der Ewige Jude, 1940)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-default\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/02\/Analysis-of-Eternal-Jew-1940-1024x536.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6254\" \/><figcaption>2021-23 IBDP History Class<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"Education\"><strong>Education<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-history-learning-site wp-block-embed-history-learning-site\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"6jBJHqo9sO\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.historylearningsite.co.uk\/nazi-germany\/nazi-education\/\">Nazi Education<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Nazi Education&#8221; &#8212; History Learning Site\" src=\"https:\/\/www.historylearningsite.co.uk\/nazi-germany\/nazi-education\/embed\/#?secret=6jBJHqo9sO\" data-secret=\"6jBJHqo9sO\" width=\"525\" height=\"296\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/spartacus-educational.com\/GEReducation.htm\">Education in Nazi Germany<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"Censorship\"><strong>Censorship<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/encyclopedia.ushmm.org\/content\/en\/article\/nazi-propaganda-and-censorship\">NAZI PROPAGANDA AND CENSORSHIP<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ushmm.org\/learn\/timeline-of-events\/1933-1938\/book-burning\">Book Burning<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"Opposition\"><strong>Opposition to the Nazis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"LittleOpposition\"><strong>Why was there so little opposition to Hitler in Germany<\/strong>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Screenshot-2022-03-18-at-1.39.45-PM-1024x225.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6406\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Screenshot-2022-03-18-at-1.39.45-PM-1024x225.png 1024w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Screenshot-2022-03-18-at-1.39.45-PM-300x66.png 300w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Screenshot-2022-03-18-at-1.39.45-PM-768x169.png 768w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Screenshot-2022-03-18-at-1.39.45-PM.png 1326w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption>The German Opposition to Hitler: A Non-Germanist&#8217;s View, R. O. Paxton, p. 362<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"212\" src=\"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Screenshot-2022-03-18-at-1.45.38-PM-1024x212.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Screenshot-2022-03-18-at-1.45.38-PM-1024x212.png 1024w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Screenshot-2022-03-18-at-1.45.38-PM-300x62.png 300w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Screenshot-2022-03-18-at-1.45.38-PM-768x159.png 768w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Screenshot-2022-03-18-at-1.45.38-PM.png 1344w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption>The German Opposition to Hitler: A Non-Germanist&#8217;s View, R. O. Paxton, p. 363<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Left were not able to, or did not sufficiently, oppose the Nazis&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"467\" src=\"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Screenshot-2022-03-18-at-1.47.27-PM-1024x467.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6411\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Screenshot-2022-03-18-at-1.47.27-PM-1024x467.png 1024w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Screenshot-2022-03-18-at-1.47.27-PM-300x137.png 300w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Screenshot-2022-03-18-at-1.47.27-PM-768x350.png 768w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Screenshot-2022-03-18-at-1.47.27-PM.png 1346w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption>The German Opposition to Hitler: A Non-Germanist&#8217;s View, R. O. Paxton, p. 363<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Conservative<\/strong> opposition failed to have an effect on Hitler&#8217;s government too. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>They were<strong> fearful of revolution<\/strong> if they acted forcefully (a repeat of 1918-19?), an overthrow of the system could be detrimental for them (interestingly, many conservatives were more active against the Weimar Republic than they were against Hitler). <\/li><li>The conservatives could have opposed Hitler&#8217;s actions in 1938 (Anschluss), 1939 (Czechoslovakia) and 1941 (USSR) but chose not to. It was seen by some in the Wehrmacht at the time that the invasion against the latter was a strategic mistake but they still went ahead with it.<\/li><li>The Army were undoubtedly powerful in Germany during the Nazi regime and could have acted more forcefully. But they had taken an oath, at their own behest, in 1934 and stuck to it.<\/li><li>Arguably, they did not want to see the <strong>possible breakup of Germany<\/strong> if they acted. If army officers were involved in a putsch for example, it could <strong>divide the Wehrmacht<\/strong> and invite Soviet or Western defeat and possible occupation. Furthermore, the Nazi propaganda programme had been effective and, if any resistance was attempted, <strong>could turn the population against<\/strong> the conservatives or army hierarchy .<\/li><li>Finally, there was <strong>little foreign assistance <\/strong>to possible opponents in Germany. If France and Britain had acted more forcefully in the 1930s (albeit with hindsight) , connections could be made with them and Hitler&#8217;s power curtailed or removed. <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the conservatives managed to replace Hitler,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Would Germany have to give back the territories they had just won?<\/li><li>Would there have to be any reparations? How would German people react to this?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"Church\"><strong>The Churches<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>According to Volker Ullrich, Hitler&#8217;s aim was to rid Germany of any religious institution other than the NSDAP. But he realised that this would have to be a gradual process as he could not afford to alienate so many religious people. <\/li><li>As a result, he signed the Concordat with the Catholic Church in 1943.<\/li><li>Pastor Martin Niem\u00f6ller<\/li><li><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"367\" src=\"https:\/\/stg.igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/03\/Screen-Shot-2021-03-18-at-7.42.58-AM-1024x367.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4201\" srcset=\"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Screen-Shot-2021-03-18-at-7.42.58-AM-1024x367.png 1024w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Screen-Shot-2021-03-18-at-7.42.58-AM-300x108.png 300w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Screen-Shot-2021-03-18-at-7.42.58-AM-768x275.png 768w, https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Screen-Shot-2021-03-18-at-7.42.58-AM.png 1478w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption>https:\/\/encyclopedia.ushmm.org\/content\/en\/article\/martin-niemoeller-first-they-came-for-the-socialists<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A famous quotation but one that was made after the Second World War had ended. As the website explains, Niem\u00f6ller was a former Nazi member who became disillusioned with Hitler&#8217;s actions and policies by 1934. He set up the Pastor&#8217;s Emergency League in opposition to him and his government and was eventually imprisoned in Sachsenhausen and Dachau concentration camps from 1938 to 1945 as a result. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"WhiteRose\"><strong>The White Rose <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"22nd February 1943: Trial and execution of White Rose members\" width=\"525\" height=\"295\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/nnLvgEQxrsQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"History File Nazi Germany: Opposition to Hitler\" width=\"525\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hOPTURrhzDw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"Foreign\"><strong>Foreign Policy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Hitler&#039;s Foreign Policy Aims\" width=\"525\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wfIXJAkmyHc?start=2&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Timeline Economy Political Strategy Corruption Force, from the SD to the Gestapo Propaganda and Indoctrination Anti-Semitism Education Censorship Opposition to the Nazis Why was there so little opposition to Hitler in Germany? Church White Rose Foreign Policy Timeline 1935 The Nuremberg Laws are passed, alienating the Jews from German society. 1936 September, Goering begins the &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/index.php\/ibdp-history\/authoritarian-states\/hitler\/maintenance-of-power\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Hitler &#8211; Maintenance of Power&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":565,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7418","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7418","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7418"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7418\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/565"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/igbis.edu.my\/the-past-changes-a-little-every-time-we-retell-it\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7418"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}